They say history gives us a frame of reference, and fortunately the Northern part of our country has more than its share of historical marvels. If you are a fan of breathtaking architecture then exploring the grandeur of forts in North India should definitely be on your list.
On this list of Forts in North India, you will find forts from the following states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. The union territories of Chandigarh, Delhi and Ladakh also finds its place on the list. I have tried my best to include all the forts in North India, but if you think I have missed out on something, then feel free to write to me and I will include it on this list.
Forts in Haryana
1. Jind Fort
Existing in Jind district, considered to be one of the oldest and enormous cities of Haryana is the Jind Fort that holds tremendous mythological and historical value. Some
Maharaja Gajpat Singh, the great-grandson of Phul (founder of Phulkian dynasty), alongside his Sikh warriors secured a large portion of land from the Afghan governor Zain Khan in 1763. The Maharaja constructed a huge fort in Jind district in 1775 and subsequently labeled it the capital of the state in 1776.
The Jind Fort is mounted on an elevated terrain of 744 feet and is fabricated from flat thin red-colored burnt clay bricks. Currently, only one Burj(tower) stands tall as the rest of the structure has been grounded.
2. Hansi Fort
An ancient Indian fort established in the 12th century by Prithviraj Chauhan, the prodigious ruler of the Chauhan dynasty, located on the eastern periphery of Amti lake in Hansi town of Haryana, India is the Hansi Fort( also known as Asigarh fort).
Excavations of ancient coins dating back to the B.C. period significances rich historical significance. A major chunk of Jania bronzes, few idols were excavated in 1982 supposedly belonging to the Gupta period and 7th century. The materials used for the fabrication of the fort hints at its origin being around the 7th century.
This square-shaped fortress stretching over an area of 30 acres has sturdy walls 52 feet in height and 37 feet thick and is acknowledged as one of the most impenetrable forts of ancient India.
Visitors can gaze upon the beauty of this ancient settlement from 8 am to 6 pm on all days except Monday.
3. Gujri Fort
Located in the city of Hisar in Haryana is an intriguing and ancient palace constructed in 1354 by the Turkic ruler, Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq for his beloved wife Gujari Rani, the Gujari Mahal(Firoz Shah Palace Complex).
A lavish east-facing 7-meter tall arched gateway (Shahi Darwaza) leads to the palace complex which incorporates a mosque, a Diwan-e-Aam, the Royal Palace, underground units, granaries, and a watchtower.
The Royal Palace is a rectangular three-storeyed grandeur fabricated with red sandstone and has an amalgamation of Indian architecture and Islamic architecture. The upper level holds a stone pillar pillaged from Jain and Hindu temples and the intermediate level has doorways leading to the rectangular courtyard and stables. The King’s Hammam(royal bath) is located on the underground level.
This eternal tale of love that is currently protected and maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India is sure to leave you wonderstruck.
Forts in Himachal Pradesh
4. Kangra Fort
Recommended by : Jayanti Pandey
A lover of books, an editor by profession, a translator in the Italian language, she divides her time between Dubai and Gurgaon. Her musings can be read on andsoifelt.wordpress.com.Home is where the heart is: and her heart could be in the Himalayas or equally in a remote cobbled street medieval hill town in Italy or even on the edge of the earth in the Arctic Lapland.
Imagine walking in a Fort which is:
- probably the oldest dated Fort in India
- the largest Fort in the Himalayas
- finds mention in the Mahabharata
- is linked with a mythological legend
- has withstood at least 52 incursions
Isnt’t that incredible? We are talking of the Kangra Fort, in the Kangra Valley of Himachal Pradesh located about 20 kms from the popular town of Dharamsala.
Legend of the Fort:
Built by Maharaja Susharma Chandra, descendant of the royal Katoch family, which traces lineage back to the Mahabharata. After the Kauravas were defeated,, the Maharaja did not return to Multan; instead he went to Kangra along with his soldiers . There he took Trigata under his control (Trigata is the region between Sutlej, Beas and Ravi of which Kangra is a part) and built this Fort to protect his kingdom.
Details of the Fort:
- It is spread across an area of four kms and is guarded by high walls and ramparts of black stone.
- Has 11 gates and 23 bastions
- The entrance to the fort is designed with stone carvings and is known as Ranjit Singh Gate. The next entrance is the Jahangiri Darwaza followed by Ahni and Amiri Darwazas.
- A large courtyard contains the stone carved temples of Laxmi Narayan, Ambika Devi and the Shitalamata Temple.
- From this courtyard a flank of stairs leads one up to the palace remains, which is the highest point in the fort.
- The Fort is said to have 21 treasure wells which are a significant attraction.
Importance of the Fort:
Not just for its wealth was the control of the Fort important. It was said, “He who holds the Kangra Fort holds the hills.”
“You must pass through the gate leg first, never lead with your head because if there is an enemy on the other side you might lose your head”. This was the tip given to the present scion of the erstwhile Katoch dynasty who refers to it in the audio guide provided at the Fort.
This has reference to the wealth the Fort must have possessed which lured rulers right from Alexander the Great to Mahnud of Ghazni, the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and Ranjit Singh who all tried to get control of the Fort.
Current Status:
The Fort was heavily damaged in the earthquake of 1905. The only portions of the fort under the control of the present family are the temples and parts of the palace courtyards. The Katochs still come to offer their prayers to their deity, Goddess Ambika Devi, whose temple still remains intact inside the fort.
Fact File:
Kangra fort is easily accessible and a short ride from Dharamasala and Mcleodganj. Just beside the fort is the Maharaja Sansar Chand Katoch Museum that is run by the Katoch Family, and a must visit place.
5. Gondhla Fort
Recommended by : Avantika Chaturvedi
Avantika is a 20-something solo traveller who finds comfort in learning about various cultures, its people and listening to age-old folk tales. When not on the road, she can be found curled up with her dog, with a book in her hand.
Lahaul has often been overshadowed by her sister Spiti, in terms of tourism. While people flock to Spiti in huge numbers each summer, Lahaul and her beauty are visited by very few. On the Manali-Leh highway too, Lahaul serves as a lunch halt or a night stop-over on the way to Ladakh but it’s about time that changed.
Lahaul has numerous historical and natural bounties alike that are bound to attract travellers of all kind. Whether you are a trekker or a history buff, Lahaul is the place to be! One such culturally and a historically important landmark in Lahaul is the Gondhla Fort- the only fort in the entire district of Lahaul and Spiti.
Located in Gondhla village, some 18 kilometres from Keylong, the Gondhla Fort sits overlooking the majestic Chandra River and the Chandrabhaga mountain range. It is a historic 8-storey wooden fort of which only 5 storeys now remain. This fort dates back to the 1700s and is said to have been built by Raja Man Singh of Kullu who married into the Gondhla family and built this fort to strengthen his territory. The fort flaunts the Kath-Kuni style of pahadi architecture which is known to be able to withstand even the most devastating earthquakes. Another notable building built in Kath Kuni style is the Bhimakali Temple in Sarahan, Kinnaur.
However, the fort is no more open to the public and if rumour has it, may be getting sold off to somebody in the region who plans to turn the fort into a museum of Lahauli culture, history and artefacts. Nonetheless, the Gondhla Fort makes for a great place to sit and think of the grandeur of pahadi maharajas and their architects!
6. Jaitak Fort
Roosted 1479 meters above sea level on the Jaitak Hills, deployed around 20 kilometers from the town of Nahan, in Sirmour district of Himachal Pradesh is a citadel which goes by the name Jaitak Fort. It was constructed from the remnants of the Nahan Fort and Palace by the Gurkha emperor, Ranjor Singh Thapa after he and his fierce warriors attacked and ravaged the fort in 1810.
The Jaitak Fort is one of the oldest forts in Nahan where one of the most important encounters between the British and the Gurkhas took place where six hundred soldiers had perished.
One can visit this lush-green hill fortress with an ascension of just 3 km from Jamta and get a glimpse of an aerial view of the hill range. The path leading to the hill covers a plethora of flora and fauna, a tranquil sight for nature lovers.
Forts in Jammu and Kashmir
11. Hari Parbat Fort
The Hari Parbat Fort is an iconic fort emerging from the 6th-century perched on top of the Sharika Hill, whose elegance is visible from Srinagar, the capital city of Jammu and Kashmir. An outer wall forming the first line of defense was its first fortification constructed by the renowned Mughul emperor Akbar in 1590. The present edifice is a result of the modifications from the Durrani era(18th-century).
The fort has entrances on either side of the city. Taking the route to the Kathi Darwaza Gate of the fort via Rainawari can enable one to catch sight of the Gurudwara Chatti Patshahi and the Shrine of Sultan-ul-Arifeen. Taking the route to the Sangin Darwaza Gate of the fort would allow you to run by the famous Sharika Temple.
Visit this spectacular hill-fortress to witness a breathtaking bird’s eye view of Dal Lake and Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir.
12. Akhnoor Fort
Perched on the foothills of the Himalayas, located on the banks of the river Chenab, 28 km from Jammu in the ancient city of Akhnoor lies this 18th-century fort- Akhnoor Fort.
Although the fort was built in 1802 by Raja Alam Singh, the blueprint for this defensive fortress was laid out in 1762 by his predecessor, Raja Tegh Singh.
An archetype of Indian military structure and dubbed as a national monument, the Akhnoor Fort has been in the safe hands of the Archaeological Survey of India since 1982.
The fort features strong exterior ramparts mounted with regular bastions, two-storeyed watchtowers on each corner, walls with embellished arches, and mural paintings. A remarkable fortress open for visitors from 9 am to 8 pm on all days of the week.
Forts in Punjab
13. Bahadurgarh Fort
The Bahadurgarh Fort is locally known as Qila Bahadurgarh, an ancient citadel from the 17th century located in the warm city of Patiala, Punjab. The fort was established in 1658 A.D. by Nawab Saif Khan and took over 8 years to finish. It was later revamped in 1837 A.D. by Maharaja Karam Singh into a fortified stronghold spreading over 21 square kilometers.
The fortification has octagonal turrets placed on its circular ramparts that stand 29 feet in height and are surrounded by a wide moat 25 feet deep. The Bahadurgarh has religious significance in history as it houses several mosques and Sikh temples displaying secularism.
This edifice is sure to take you through the pages of the rich history of Punjab and lies just 6 kilometers away from the city of Patiala on the Patiala-Chandigarh highway.
14. Gobindgarh Fort
Situated in the sacred city of Amritsar, an epitome of the rich history and culture of Punjab is this 260-year old fort- The Gobindgarh Fort. It was constructed in 1760 A.D. over a huge land of 43 acres with the ambition to protect Amritsar from invaders and was labeled as the ‘Guardian of the holy city of Amritsar’. Although the initial foundation was laid out by Gujjar Singh Bhangi, the fort was completed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
This brick and lime quadrilateral structure is protected by a deep moat on all sides and is locally known as Bhangian Da Kila. It has four bastions strategically deployed within the fort that exhibits the Anglo-Sikh style of architecture. The fort also has multiple gates to enter from and features an underground tunnel which bestows safe passage till Lahore.
Gobindgarh Fort has several palaces, colonial buildings, museums, ancient war cannons, watchtowers, courtyards, and other splendors for its visitors. This asset of Punjab, located 2 kilometers away from the legendary Golden Temple, is awaiting your visit.
15. Qila Mubarak Fort
This medieval structure is the oldest surviving fort in Indian history originating from 90 AD as a mud fortress and established in the city of Bathinda in Punjab, India. The current fort is a result of the renovations formulated by the esteemed Sidhu Jat ruler and founder of the Patiala dynasty, Baba Ala Singh in 1763.
This enormous boat-shaped edifice has towering walls scaling up to 30 meters in height and facilitated with 36 bastions in strategic locations. The entrance to the fortress has a picturesque gateway leading to the Quila Mubarak, where the renowned Razia Sultana, was held captive after being defeated in battle.
The founder of the Mughul Empire Babur transported four war cannons forged from an alloy of silver, gold, copper, and iron into the fort, that is currently displayed for visitors.
Forts in Rajasthan
16. Amer Fort
Recommended by : Ami Bhat
Ami Bhat is a marketing post-graduate by qualification who has turned into full-time travel writer and blogger by passion. Besides travel, she enjoys sports, photography and dancing with equal passion. Travel with her virtually on her travel blog – www.thrillingtravel.in
Amer or Amber was the erstwhile capital of the Kachwaha dynasty who ruled Jaipur. Set around the pretty Maota Lake, Amer Fort has now been declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A tour of Amer Fort will take you through a series of 4 courtyards – each with its own stunning attraction. The first one was used as army ground while the 2nd courtyard is home to the Diwan-e-Aam (house of commons) and the Instagrammer’s favorite gate – Ganesh Pol. The third courtyard includes the most important aspect of Amer Fort – the Sheesh Mahal and the Diwan-e-Khaas. This beautiful glass palace mesmerizes its visitors with the intricate floral designs and mirror work. Legend has it that one candle lit within the chambers spread light through the structure.
The fourth courtyard of this fort is popularly called as the Palace of Man Singh. It is here that the royal women resided. Stories of this palace tell you of the 12 Queens that the King had, each with their separate section. These sections were isolated from each other but each had one passage leading to the King’s chambers. Just so that the Queens would not know who among them was being visited by the King.
Many such tales are revealed in the light and sound show that takes place every evening in Amer Palace. It is recommended that one sets aside at least 3 – 4 hours for a complete tour of this fort. There are quite few heritage places that can be combined with a visit here. This includes the protector Jaigarh Fort, an ancient step well and an underground passage from Amer fort to Jaigarh.
17. Bala Qila
Supposedly constructed by the Nikumbh Clan of Rajputs, the Bala Quila Fort in Alwar is one of the architectural beauties from the royal epoch of the state. Nestled atop a cliff of 300mts in height on Aravalli hills, it reveals an adorable landscape of the whole city, the walls of the fort are engraved with artistic carvings and graceful sculptures in its expansive premises of 5kms.
The Bala Quila, also known as the ‘Young Fort’ is known to have passed onto several dynasties over the decades including Khanzadas, Mughals, Pathans, and Jats after bring seized by Pratap Singh (the founder of city Alwar) in the year 1775. You can enter the Kayamkhani style structure (meticulously planned out to attack the enemies) through 6 massive gates – Jai Pol, Suraj Pol, Laxman Pol, Chand Pol, Krishen Pol, and Andheri Gate.
As the history unfolds the saga, Akbar exiled his prince Salim for three years in this fort which is now known by the name of Salim Mahal. You can reach Bala Quila by train or road from Jaipur and New Delhi easily. Don’t miss out on this impressive long-standing marvel from 100 years ago, it can sure tell you a whole lot about those golden bygone eras.
18. Bhangarh Fort
Nestling on the foot of a lush-green hill from the Aravalli Range is the Bhangarh Fort, a stunning fortress built in the 17th-century by the Kacchwaha ruler, Bhagwant Das for his younger son Madho Singh.
Legend says that a sadhu named Baba Balak Nath, who resided within the fort, had vocalized a malediction that led to the devastation of the fort.
The fort is located in the Alwar district of Rajasthan and has four different gates to enter. The ruins of the king’s palace on the lower part of the hill and a sacred pond that amasses water from a natural stream can be observed on one’s visit to this fort.
This stone and brick walled fortress can be visited between 6 am to 6 pm. There are no charges levied for the entry but you required to pay Rs.25 to carry your camera into the palace premises.
19. Chittorgarh Fort
Recommended by : Amrita and Agni
Amrita and Agni are wanderers, heritage lovers and travel bloggers from India. Their blog Tale of 2 Backpackers is all about their adventure and life lessons that they have learnt on the road.
Chittorgarh Fort in Rajasthan is one of the grandest and colossal forts that I have seen in India. A former Rajput bastion, the history of Chittorgarh is intertwined with legends and folklore. And the history of Chittor is one that is full of valour, honour and tragedy.
Everything about the Chittorgarh Fort is magnificent. The entire fort complex stands on a plateau located at 590 feet above a hillock and consists of a village, several temples, reservoirs and several beautiful ruins. The entrance to the fort is through 7 gateways following a mile serpentine road.
Believed to have been built in the 7th century AD, there are so many things to see at Chittorgarh Fort. There are ancient palaces and towers built in various architectural styles and almost all these structures have some legend behind them.
Chittorgarh is perhaps most famous for the legend of Rani Padmini performing Jauhar. But there are many other stories of valour and sacrifice related with this fort. Jauhar was performed not once, but thrice at the fort of Chittor.
While there are a lot many things to see in Chittorgarh Fort, some of our favourite places are the Rana Kumbha’s Palace, Kirti Stambha, Vijay Stambha and the huge reservoir. Of course, the palace of Rani Padmini is also there. The grand fort with its intriguing history is definitely one of the most iconic attractions of Rajasthan.
Chittorgarh Fort is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The fort is open from 9 AM to 5 PM everyday.
20. Jaisalmer Fort
Recommended by : Sowmiya Kasturirangan
Sowmiya is a banker who fell in love with travel many years back. Travel in all forms – solo, family and with kids is what she likes. She believes that travel brings out the best in every individual. You learn lessons of life on-the-go. She Started blogging to be able to share her feelings and experiences of travel with everyone. Love beaches and mountains both. Travel is an integral part of my life and I am enjoying it.
Every place has a beauty attached to its name. When one hears Jaisalmer the image of miles and miles spread Thar desert comes to our minds. Jaisalmer has more than that to offer.Jaisalmer fort is one such treasure. It is one of oldest and largest forts of Rajasthan. It is made of yellow sandstones. Colour of the fort camouflages with the yellow sand desert which aptly suits its name Sonar Quila or Golden fort. The most astounding fact about this fort is it is one of the very few living forts of India. More than 4000 people reside inside this fort premises. Fort complex comprises Jain temple, Raj Mahal Palace ( former residence of the maharawal of jaisalmer), Laxminath temple and many havelis built by old merchants and numerous havelis carved with articulate carvings on yellow sandstone. This fort is on a hill which makes it easily visible from any part of the city.
Fort has huge four entrances out of which one was guarded with a huge cannon. One can view the entire city of Jaisalmer from above this fort that made administration of village in olden days easy.Jaisalmer fort has played a significant role in history due to its location on the trade route.
Have you ever wanted to live inside a fort then your search ends here you can stay in the hostels that are built inside these merchant havelis where one can find many solo travellers and even foreigners residing. Fort also has shops, many eateries including italian french and local cuisines. You can sit in any of the eating joints in the evening and enjoy the beauty of the fort. View of the fort in all the lights in the evening is a wonderful experience.
I was mesmerised by the beauty of the carvings on many doors and windows of the havelis in the fort. As it is a living fort it makes it little difficult to explore.Small small bylanes passing through takes us around the fort. I also noticed one unique thing on all walls outside each house. The date of the wedding of the latest couple of the family with their names carved on the side wall or doors of the house. It is one of the famous tourist places to visit in Jaisalmer. If you want to explore the whole fort and see each and every part of it I would suggest you to hire a local guide. You will find guides right outside the entrance gate. They charge a very nominal amount to take you around the fort.
21. Jhalawar Fort
Enumerated in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, situated in Jhalawar district of Rajasthan is the Gagron Fort (also known as Jhalawar Fort). It was built on the banks of the river Kali Sindh in the 12th-century by the Dod ruler Bijaldev.
A unique impregnable fort built on a low rocky hill with no real foundation surrounded by water on three sides and is an archetypal Rajput military architecture. This water-hill fort has three ramparts and has witnessed 14 wars in total and 2 major Juahars (mass self-immolation).
Upon arriving at this magnificent structure, one can get an aerial view of the convergence of rivers Ahu and Kali Sindh, which is out of this world.
22. Junagarh Fort
This architectural marvel was earlier an ancient stone fort in the city of Bikaner, Rajasthan. The initial foundation was laid out in 1478 by Rao Bika, the second son of Maharaja Rao Jodha, the founder of Jodhpur city. It was revamped later into a massive fort complex covering a stretch of 5.28 hectares by Karan Chand, the Prime Minister of the Bikaner ruler, Raja Rai Singh, in 1594.
An amalgamation of medieval military architecture and breathtaking interiors in the Thar desert of Rajasthan, the Junagarh Fort, is sure to leave you baffled. This astonishing edifice houses in its precincts, stunning palaces and shrines made from Dulmera(red sandstone) and marble.
One can enter this domain of elegance by using any of the seven gateways after a 10-minute drive from Bikaner. A visit to the museum is a strong recommendation as it holds various antiques of different eras and dynasties.
Entry and timings:
- Rs.50 for Indians
- Rs.300 for foreigners
- 10:30 am to 4:30 pm
Pro-tip: The best time to visit would be during winter and recall to carry a water bottle inside.
23. Khaba Fort
Recommended by : Chandni Aggarwal
Chandni Aggarwal is the founder of Transforming Travels, who’s an engineer by qualification, traveler by heart, and an entrepreneur by profession.
If you are traveling from Sam Sand Dunes to Jaisalmer city or vice versa, then a small detour will take you to the beautiful Khaba Fort. Not known to many, Khaba Fort is the smallest fort in Rajasthan and named after the village in which it’s located.
It doesn’t look like a fort, it will come to your mind at your first glance. Crumbled yet cute, small yet interesting, old yet a fresh look tells you that Khaba Fort will stand out in your memories forever due to some mysterious reasons. It gives an abandoned and deserted feel but there is an entry charge of 10 INR, and you can spend time inside by enjoying the view of traditional desert villages from Khaba Fort. Some of the corners of the fort are very picturesque, and don’t miss witnessing the artifacts & information boards kept in the fort museum.
The history of Khaba Fort is 200+ years old, and it used to be the home to Paliwal Brahmins who fled overnight somewhere because of the extreme tormentation by the village chief, along with the Paliwal Brahmins from its nearby Kuldhara village. No one saw them leaving, and no one ever found where they resettled.
24. Khimsar Fort
Located near the Khinvsar village, in the Nagaur district of Rajasthan, is an unparalleled citadel, perched on the eastern edge of the Thar Desert. It was built in 1523 AD by Rao Karamsji, the eighth son of Rao Jodha, the founder of Jodhpur.
The notorious Mughul ruler Aurangzeb used to reside in the Khimsar Fort on his visits to Nagaur.
The Khimsar Fort which was once the head house of Karamsot Rathors presently serves as a heritage hotel, managed by the members of the royal family. This luxurious fort has been awarded the ‘NATIONAL GRAND HERITAGE AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE’; the most prestigious recognition in the list of heritage properties.
A glance at the battle-scarred walls and ramparts of this 16th-century citadel will take you through pages of history with amazement.
25. Kumbhalgarh Fort
Perched on a hilltop at 3600 feet above sea level on the Aravalli range is an impressive 15th-century Mewar fortress, an epitome of Rajput military hill architecture, the Kumbhalgarh. It was constructed by Rana Kumbha of Mewar kingdom under the expertise of the famed architect Mandan in Rajsamand district, Rajasthan.
This colossal monument has external walls 15-feet thick and extending to 36 km and is the second-largest wall on the earth. It is stationed perfectly and camouflaged between eleven peaks of the Aravalli hills, making it an impregnable stronghold.
Kumbhalgarh offers spectacular views of the Aravalli range, the dunes of the majestic Thar Desert, and mesmerizing sunsets from its fort walls. A good pair of shoes and a water bottle is recommended as it has seven fortified gateways leading way to numerous palaces, ancient shrines and temples waiting for you to explore.
26. Lohagarh Fort
The most formidable fort in Indian history, the Lohagarh Fort(Iron Fort), was established in the year 1732 by Maharaja Suraj Mal on a contrived island in Bharatpur, Rajasthan. A hefty amount of resources were exercised in the fabrication of this invincible citadel, which has endured innumerable attacks and sieges.
It is a rectangular fortified stronghold shielded by 34 bastions across a perimeter of 2872 meters and safeguarded by waters on all its sides. The Iron Fort standing at 100 feet in height has ramparts bifurcated into an outer wall made from brick and mortar and an inner wall made from mud which could withstand cannon fires.
The main entrance of this citadel is the Ashtadhatu Gate, forged from eight distinct metals and embellished with ancient war illustrations. Another fascinating element is the Lohagarh Museum(Kamra Palace), a house of ancient relics, weapons, and manuscripts dating back to 1 B.C.
27. Mehrangarh Fort
Recommended by : Smita Singh
Smita loves music, good food and the mountains. She is someone who is fiercely independent and ridiculously emotional. Her favourite destination is Himachal Pradesh.
Mehrangarh Fort in Jodhpur, Rajasthan is an ecstatic place for people interested in architecture and history. It known to be the largest fort in India on a perpendicular cliff. The magnamity of this place and view from the city is a remarkable sight. I was there early morning to enjoy it in solace and the soulful welcome inside of Rajasthan folk music blew my mind. I was literally dancing to the tunes of “ Padharo Maare Desh “.
This architectural marvel is beautifully kept and has a well-maintained museum. The café and the royal dinner at the fort are the most recommended activities inside the fort.
The fort clearly depicts the courage, courtesy and enormous power of the royal clan of Rajasthan. The fort opens at 9:00 AM and it is a good idea to reach early as standing in a queue can be really exhausting. The locals advice is to always take a guide, to know the untold tales of love and valour. This fort was constructed by King Rao Jodha. It is believed, there is a grave of a man who had to sacrifice his life to negate the curse before the foundation was laid. Rao Jodha’s unrequited love to build a fort on a cliff was not well-recieved and a local saint cursed the place to be full of droughts every year. Frightened by this the King apologised to the saint and asked him to take back the curse. As our history says, curse can’t be reversed but can always have a solution to nullify the affect.
To remove the curse someone had to be sacrifice by getting buried alive. A noble man from the kingdom wilfully surrendered to let the dream of his beloved King Jodha fulfilled. It was distressing to hear this story about one of the most beautiful forts in India. On your visit see a tribute given to this noble life in a Red sandstone memorial. Adding further to my distress, my guide told me about the handprints murals near Loha Gate, of women from the royal family who committed Sati.
28. Nahargarh Fort
The Nahargarh Fort is a pristine stronghold fabricated in 1734 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh situated in the ‘Pink City’; Jaipur in Rajasthan is an epitome of royalty. It rests on the bounds of the Aravalli Hills, serving an aerial view of the city of Jaipur.
It is one amongst the three citadels that once formed a formidable defensive shield ring for the city. The Nahargarh Fort has robust walls extending out till the Jaigarh fort and has remained untouched by invaders till the present day.
Another compelling aspect of this fort is the Nahargarh Biological Park, a dwelling place for sublime beasts such as tigers, leopards, and the Asiatic lions. Tourists leave with a paramount experience after visiting the majestic palace complex, the Madhavendra Bhavan.
The gates of this remarkable fortress is open from 10 am till 5:30 pm.
Tickets cost:
- Rs.50 for Indian nationals
- Rs.200 for foreign tourists
29. Neemrana Fort
A unique 556-year old medieval Fort-Palace that is currently a stupendous 4-star hotel located on the Delhi-Jaipur Highway, in Neemrana, Rajasthan goes by the name Neemrana Fort. It was constructed on a lush-green plateau in the Aravalli Hills by Nimola Meo, a local chieftain in 1464 A.D. The Raja of Neemrana, Raja Rajinder in 1947 evacuated his Fort-Palace to reside in Vijay Bagh as the ramparts, and the front walls started to collapse.
The premises of the Neemrana spread across 15 acres of land with 6 acres occupied by the royal palaces of foregone kings storeyed across 12 levels.
One can feel no less than a king or queen as they take an aerial view of the Aravalli Hills from the 12-tiered Fort-Palace, the Neemrana Fort, one of the oldest heritage resorts of India.
30. Sajjangarh Fort
Recommended by : Deepika Patnaik
A corporate professional for years, Deepika quit her job last year to pursue her long term travel dreams and learn from life out of the confined cubicles. Gradually, she is adapting a slow and sustainable way of life – spending longer periods at a place. Stories of her travel are shared through her blog “A Merakulous Life” – trying to capture all the little miracles that come along everyday in many forms while travelling.
On the outskirts of Udaipur, at a distance of about 8-10 km; stands the grand, palatial fort named Sajjangarh fort (popularly known as “The Monsoon palace”). The historical background of the fort traces to Maharaja Sajjan Singh (a great contributor to the development of Udaipur) whose idea was to build the palace solely as a monsoon retreat. The initial plan is considered to have included a nine storied building as an astronomical centre. However, after his untimely death, the plan was shelved and the palace was completed by Maharana Fateh Singh subsequently serving as a hunting lodge for the royalty.
A glorious witness to Mewar dynasty, the palace is a soothing vision in white and gives a spectacular view of Lake Fateh sagar. The palace is mostly devoid of vibrant colours yet in sync with the centralised theme of Udaipur and primarily made of white marble. The interiors are adorned with intricacies (delicate motifs) of trademark Rajasthani architecture. The major tourist attractions include a visit to nearby Sajjangarh Wildlife sanctuary and the beautiful sunset.
The palace can be reached by a local bus (less frequent), private taxi or an auto. They would usually charge for a round trip (including waiting) till the entry gate. Here onwards, shared cabs operate till the main fort entry with charges including palace entry fee. Located on a peak of Aravalli hilltop, secluded and less crowded than its counterparts; this place is often missed by tourists. However, it should definitely be on your list of must visits in Udaipur.
31. Taragarh Fort
Bundi in Rajasthan is a keyhole to a glorious past of India. Hidden between Aravallis and Vindhyachal mountain ranges, this oasis of yesteryear’s architectural glory is a must visit for any traveller.
A kilometre away from Garh Palace lies the abandoned Taragarh Fort. One needs a strong set of legs to climb the steep hike to reach the fort complex. The fort is massive and hides many gems inside it which includes step-wells, palace of the queen and a canon firing area at the top overlooking the Aravalis and Vindhayachal mountain ranges.
There are around 4 Stepwells inside the abandoned fort area. The whole place is in ruins, monkeys rule the area, gives a creepy feeling to be there like you are in a horror movie and zombies will come out and chase you just about now. Word of advice – do not go there all by yourself.
Forts in Uttarakhand
33. Banasur Fort
The Banasur Fort(Banasur ka Kila) is an ancient fort with its origin from the medieval era that currently lies in ruins and perched on a hill at an elevation of 1859 meters above sea level. The tales of mythology mention that this fort was built by the demon king Bali, in memory of his son Banasur, who was slain by Lord Krishna.
Located at the end of the Bhowali road, around 7km from Lohaghat, is this heavenly fort of historical and mythological significance. Travelers can gaze the blue waters of the river Lohavati drifting alongside the Bhowali road. One must trek an inclined surface of 2 km to reach the Banasur fort, so be sure to carry water bottles in your journey.
Pro-tip: The best time to visit this fort would be in the evening as this elevated structure offers some spectacular sunsets and scenic landscapes.
32. Pithorgarh Fort
Perched on one of the hills of Saur Valley, along the edges of the Nepal-Tibet borders, is the Pithoragarh Fort, a historic fort located in the outskirt of the Pithoragarh town of Uttrakhand, in India. It was built in 1789 AD by the Gorkhas after they had successfully captured the city of Pithoragarh.
This fort is situated at an altitude of around 5000 feet above sea level and offers scenic sights of lush green patches of earth. This landing place for nature lovers and an examplar of Gorkha architecture lies just a short trek away from the Pithoragarh town, popularly known as the ‘Little Kashmir’ will certainly mesmerize its visitors.
Forts in Uttar Pradesh
34. Agra Fort
This gigantic structure, once the residence of the Mughul emperors, constructed by the renowned Mughul Emperor Akbar in the 16th-century, is deployed on the banks of river Yamuna, in the city of Agra, India.
This 94-acre settlement has fort walls scaling up to seventy feet in height, circular bastions installed in regular intervals, double-layered ramparts of red sandstones, and deep moats surrounding the outer walls. Amongst the four gateways to the fort, two gates fabricated with white marble are the ‘Delhi Gate’ and the ‘Lahore Gate’ two exceptional structures to gaze.
The Agra Fort, also known as Red Fort is rich in architectural history and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A must-visit fort that accommodates several palaces, ancient inscriptions on walls and structures, defensive towers and is located just 2.5 km from one of the seven wonders on the world; The Taj Mahal.
35. Allahabad Fort
A megalithic citadel with a fusion of Islamic and Hindu architecture, the Allahabad Fort was assembled by the Mughal emperor Akbar at Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India in 1583. It is situated on the banks of the river Yamuna, alongside its confluence with river Ganges.
Globetrotters, archaeologists, and historians from various parts of the world arrive at this gigantic stronghold to catch a glimpse of the famous Ashoka pillar, carved out of sandstone, and standing 35 feet tall. It is believed to be sculpted in 232 B.C. and has several edicts inscribed including a Persian engraving of the glorification of Emperor Jahangir’s accession to the throne.
The Allahabad Fort has three gigantic galleries bounded by high towers facing the river Yamuna. Although most of the fort is under army possession, tourists are allowed to enter the Jodhabai Palace and explore the rich history and visit the ancient underground shrine, the Patalpuri temple that houses the immortal banyan tree, the Akshayavat.
One way to leave with a startling experience is by taking a ferry along the banks of the river Yamuna and witness this high-walled fortress turn gold at sundown.
36. Chunar Fort
Dating back to 56 BC under the reign of Raja Vikramaditya of Ujjain, situated on a rock by the flanks of the holy river the Ganges, is an ancient fort- the Chunar Fort. It is established in the Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh, in India.
This unassailable fort deployed on a steep slope of a detached part of the Vindhya Range with two sides protected by the Ganges is a must-visit destination. The ownership of the fort switched from the Suris, Mughals, Nawabs of Awadh, and the British, thus showcasing abundance in ancient architecture and culture.
The citadel spreads over 34000 square feet and has multiple war cannons with gunpowder magazines. The Bharthari Samadhi, Bungalow of Warren Hastings, prison cells, several plantations, and the soothing view of the Ganges is something that will leave you baffled.
37. Fatehpur Sikri Fort
There are a few places in this universe that are unfathomably royal. Such is this imposing prodigy of Fatehpur Sikri Fort. Enclosed by grand walls on three sides and an enchanting lake on one side, the city unveils manifold structures within its grounds. Every structure narrates its own distinctive tale and architectural ways from the aeon of 1601. God knows what drove Akbar to bring the blend of Mughal, Persian and Indian architecture to life in the most imperial and elaborate version possible.
The much spoken about – Buland Darwaza stands as the highest gateway in the world formed with red sandstone and white-black marble. A 15storey tower built by Akbar to celebrate the conquest over Gujarat. The Jama Masjid , Ibadat Khana and Jamat Khana were where the god housed and Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas were two halls that served as a meeting spot for the courtiers and royal men. Tombs of Salim Chishti and Zanana Rouza and the palaces of Jodha Bai, Panch Mahal and Birbal’s House are no less than an example of divine intervention in architecture.
Anup Talao, Hujra-i-Anup Talao, Naubat Khana, Pachisi Court and Hiran Minar are a few other surreal structures to be mesmerized about. The easiest way to reach this king of all forts listed in the World Heritage Site is from Delhi and Agra via bus or a train. What a marvel the Mughals imprinted on the map of Uttar Pradesh! Truly genius.
38. Jhansi Fort
The structure that was built as a stronghold of the Bundelas in 1613 by the rulers of the dynasty – Orchha Veer Singh ju Deo Bundela. Stretched out on the land of 15 acres, this 312m in length legacy from the epoch of Maharajas and maharanis still remains despite of bearing the brawls of Maharaja Chattrasal, Peshwa Bajirao and the Mughal Army in 1728. That’s the classic story of how Peshwa Bajirao was bestowed with this symbol of valour by Maharaja Chattrasal.
This meticulously mused-over stronghold now rests in the hilly areas of Bangra in the town of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh with a frequent number of visitors coming to admire its grandeur. One can enter this marvel through 10 darwazas which are Khanderao Gate, Datia Darwaza, Unnao Gate, badaGao gate, Laxmi Gate, Sagar Gate, Orchha Gate, Sainyar Gate and Chand Gate. The part of this fort that piques your interest the most is the memorial board of Rani Lakshmibai, the legend says that she escaped by jumping off the fort on her horse badal while fighting with the troops of General Hugh Rose.
Few other things that will distract you within the main fort area are the Karak Bijli Toup (Tank), Rani Jhansi Garden, Shiv temple and a “Mazar” of Ghulam Gaus Khan, Moti Bai and Khuda Baksh.You can also take a historical stroll in the halls of Rani Mahal which is now turned into an archaeological museum. To dwell in the regal past of this land, you can just fly down to Gwalior or train/drive it down from major cities around like Agra, Kanpur, Delhi, Lucknow.
39. Ramnagar Fort
A one of a kind Mughul fortification perched on the eastern bank of the river Ganges overlooking the resounding Tulsi Ghat is the Ramnagar Fort, located in Ramnagar, Varanasi, India. This edifice was shaped by Chunnar sandstone(red sandstone) in 1750 AD by Kashi Naresh Raja Balwant Singh.
Gaze upon the fort complex and its ornamental balconies, pavilions, and massive courtyards to take a walk down the citadel’s past. It houses the Vyas Temple, where visitors ogle upon sensational sunsets that turn the Ganges into a river of gold.
Another amusing element of the fort is the Saraswati Bhawan Museum that holds a collection of ancient artifacts like vintage American cars, priceless ornaments, an astronomical clock, medieval costumes, embellished weapons, and the list goes on. Take a visit to this fantabulous structure in Varanasi to seize a heavenly experience.
40. Vijaygarh Fort
Vijaygarh Fort is an ancient fort originating from the medieval age, located in the Mau Kalan village, 30 km from Robertsganj city, Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh. Although the current fort lies in ruins, its fundamental renovations were implemented by Maharaja Vijay Pal in 1040 AD.
The remnants of this hill-fort shelters four perennial ponds surrounded by lush green foliage. The tomb of the Muslim saint, Saiyyed Zain-ul-Abdin Meer Sahib, can be observed on entering through the main gate. Apart from the scenic views, it has multiple ancient temples, red stone pillars with archaic inscriptions, majestic sculptures, and cave paintings.
Visitors can witness the elegance of this fort by taking a short trek up the hill between 9 am to 4 pm.
Forts in Chandigarh
41. Surajpur Fort
Many people might have seen this broken-down fort in the background of the Oscar winning movie Zero Dark Thirty. The town of Manimajra in Chandigarh where the fort is situated is thickly populated and the fort is in ruins. The government tried protecting it as a heritage site but could not do much as its a private property owned by a Trust. There is court dispute going on due to which no action has been taken to restore the fort to its earlier glory.
Raja Bhagwan Singh Brar of Faridkot envisioned a fort at Manimajra and pursued families from other places to shift to this upcoming town almost 350 years back.
Ruins of Manimajra Fort 
Exterior of Manimajra Fort
Forts in Delhi
42. Ferozshah Kotla Fort
Built by Feroz Shah Tughlaq during his reign in 1354. The changing of the capital city from Tuglakabad to Firozabad due to water shortage gave way to building of Ferozshah Kotla Fort. The complex houses beautifully manicured gardens, a stepwell, a mosque and one of the many Ashokan pillars.
It was an eerie experience when I visited Ferozshah Kotla Fort on a Thursday evening with Delhi by Foot. Somehow I got separated from the group and saw three women at a corner screaming in a man’s voice, it scared the hell out of me. One of them was literally stuck to the wall. It was almost getting dark, the whole experience gave me Goosebumps. It is believed that people come here to pray to djinns and offer them flowers and incense sticks and also I saw many letters scattered all around the fort area which people write to the djinns. If you are visiting Capital then this fort should be on your list of things to see in Delhi.
43. Purana Qila
Purana Qila or the Old Fort is part of the sixth Delhi as mentioned by historians. This 16th century fort stands proof to the glory of the Mughals. The construction of Purana Qila was started by Humayun in 1533 but was oust by Sher Shah within a few years’ time.
Inside the Purana Qila complex, you can see a stepwell, a Museum, Qila-i-Kuna Mosque, Sher Mandal, Kairul Manzil and Sher Shah Suri Gate. If you are history buff, then you must see the ‘Light and Sound Show’ at the Old Fort.
44. Qila Rai Pithora
A tiny gate with a well manicured garden in the backdrop is how I remember Qila Rai Pithora. Travelling between Saket and Malviya Nagar, I always saw the green stretch of land and thought it was a well kept park. It was not until one day, Doulos and I decided to visit the park that we came to know was remains of fortification.
The fort was built by Prithviraj Chauhan as claimed by historian Alexander Cunningham. The fortification complex is said to have included Qutub Minar but the confusion between Lal Kot and Qila Rai Pithora being the first city of Delhi still leads to feuds between historians.
45. Red Fort
Recommended by : Sundeep and Bedabrata
Sundeep and Bedabrata, are a travel blogger duo from India. Through their website Delhi-Fun-Dos.com and Instagram channels, they aim to provide a travel guide to a fun way of life.
An Ultimate Guide to Forts in India cannot be complete without a section on the Red Fort, Delhi. Delhi has undergone administration by various dynasties and rulers. Consequently, it is a treasure trove of forts and mausoleums. The most iconic of these monuments is the Lal Qila or Red Fort.
Red Fort is an agglomeration of ornamental buildings made of marble and red sandstone. The structure was commissioned by Emperor Shah Jahan when he shifted the capital of the Mughal Empire from Agra to Delhi. The Red Fort became a mini-city with houses, mosques, temples and bazaars. It stood testimony to the vibrant and eclectic life in Delhi till the 1800s. And then it also witnessed one of the bloodiest chapters of India’s freedom struggle. As a result of Sepoy Mutiny in 1857, plunders and pogroms by angry British soldiers virtually annihilated life in the fort. Most of the fort was destroyed as well. The British Government later repaired some parts of what remained of the fort and used that as their garrison. These sections have been converted to museums after Independence of India.
In the present day, the Prime Minister hoists the country’s flag on Independence Day and addresses the nation from Red Fort. You can either drive to the Red Fort or take the Metro Rail. A dedicated parking space is available inside the fort premises. The Red Fort, Delhi has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
46. Tuglaqabad Fort
The ruins of the cursed city can still be seen at Tuqlaqabad Fort. It was built by Ghiyas-ud-din, the founder of Tughlaq dynasty. According to historians, a clash between Nizamuddin Auliya and Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq lead to the decay of Tughlaqabad Fort. A curse which eventually become a reality and still haunts the fort to this day.
Located on the Badarpur–Mehrauli Road, the Tughlaqabad Fort houses a stepwell, a mausoleum, a citadel and many underground corridors towards the royal residences.
Forts in Ladakh
47. Basgo Khar
The town of Basgo along the Indus river is around 40 kms away from Let, the capital of Ladakh. Once a major political and cultural hub of Ladakh, Basgo is not known amongst the tourist circuits. Basgo has a castle is decaying state along with two temples and remains of a fortress from the 15th century. The purpose for making this fort was to hold out against the Mongol army in case of a siege.
The Basgo fort had a capacity to hold an entire town inside it with enough resources for survival. One of the main reason for this fort’s strength was the presence of water source from the mountains.
48. Tsemo Fort
The fort belongs to 16th century and is believed to have been built during the time of Tashi Namgyal of the Dagpo Kagyu lineage. If you are in Leh, then a visit to Tsemo Fort is a must. Sitting atop the highest point in Leh, this white and red coloured fort is at a walking distance from Leh Palace.
The surrounding of the fort is adorned by Tibetan prayer flags which makes for a beautiful sight. Inside the fort you will find a prayer hall with buddha statues. The views are splendid from the top and that is one of the reason why people hike up there.
Image credits:
Karunakar Rayke
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This post has been partially written by Aaron Ralston Coelho. Thank you Aaron for taking out time to help me finish this mammoth task of compiling Forts of North India.
That’s a great read! I love these historic gems. I’d love to explore them more.